IDENTIFYING ASPECTS CONCERNING ETHICS IN CAREER COUNSELING: REVIEW ON THE ACA CODE OF ETHICS
Youssef Habbal Hala Bohsali Habbal American University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT The work of career counselors, career development workers, and their clients is greatly affected by ethical and legal guidelines, especially the profession that involves other people’s confidences and lifestyle details. This study discusses ethics in career counseling based on the American Counseling Association’s code of ethics (ACA” which was later adopted by many other regulatory boards like National Career Development Association’s (NCDA) in the 2007 ethical standards. The principles, issues and legal concerns related to career development and career counseling were reviewed in order to discern their implication for work and life. In addition, this study also reviewed the confidentiality of counselor- counselee relationship and the aspects that might impact the process of career counseling. Keywords: career counseling, ethics, code of ethics, ethical standards, legal concerns
BULLYING IN THE WORKPLACE: DOES IT EXIST IN UNITED STATES ORGANIZATIONS
Ian Manners Steven Cates Kaplan University ABSTRACT Over the past several decades, strides have been made in the fight against discriminatory practices in the workplace, such as bullying. This study elaborates on the potential cost of bullying, cost analysis of bullying, kinds of existing bullying, and cyber bullying in the workplace. Utilizing a national sample of employees working in in the United States (U.S.), the results of this study reveal that the participating employees attested to the existence of bullying in U.S. organizations. Bullying is also a form of psychological harassment and a form of hostile environment. Keywords: Employment Discrimination, Harassment, Hostile Work Environment, Employment Law
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOMESTIC PUBLIC DEBT BURDEN AND INFLATIONARY PRESSURES IN NIGERIA: IS THERE A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP?
Chinedu B. Ezirim University of Port Harcourt Kenechukwu Mojekwu Access Bank PLC Azuka E. Amuzie Office of the Accountant Generale Michael I. Muoghalu Pittsburg State University, Kansas ABSTRACT The study investigates the effects of domestic debt burden (DDB) on inflation in Nigeria. It attempts to determine the existence or otherwise of any causal relationship between DDB and inflationary pressures in Nigeria using the causality analytical technique. The results indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between the DDB (treasury bills rate) and inflation in Nigeria. It was also found that there is a causal relationship between DDB and inflationary pressures in Nigeria implying that debt burden represented by debt-service payment made by the government to its domestic creditors exerts remarkable inflationary pressures on the economy, but not vice versa. Keywords: Domestic debt burden, Inflation, Granger-causality
EFFECT OF ECONOMIC SELF-INTEREST AND POLITICAL ORIENTATION ON COLORADO’S PROPOSITION 105
Howard G. Ling University of North Carolina at Pembroke Gaye Acikdilli Baskent University ABSTRACT Genetically modified foods (GM) have been included in the food chain in the United States for almost three decades. The nations of the European Union, as well as several other countries, have adopted a policy of mandatory labeling of GM ingredients in food, while the United States has followed a policy of voluntary disclosure. Colorado Proposition 105 called for the implementation of mandatory labeling of food with GM ingredients for sale in the state. This paper assesses the literature regarding national policies toward GM food labeling in the United States and other nations. It compares the favorable and negative arguments about GM labeling. The results of the 2014 referendum in Colorado are examined as to the economic self- interest in the form of median household income and agricultural intensity affecting the outcome of the election. Additionally, the political orientation centered on health-related concerns, environmental concerns, and the rights of consumers to product information in relation to the Colorado Proposition 105 were tested. A multiple regression analysis strongly suggests the impact of these independent variables on the election outcome. The implications for policy changes regarding mandatory GM food labeling in the United States are explored. Keywords: GMO Labeling, Colorado Proposition 105, Economic Self Interest, Political Orientation
TO JOIN OR NOT TO JOIN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: A SURVEY OF IRANIAN BANKING EXECUTIVES FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IN VIEW OF INTERVENTION BY THE GOVERNMENT AND THE CENTRAL BANK
Farrokh Safavi Western Washington University Tehran University ABSTRACT One of the most pressing issues in world trade of the second decade of the 21st century has been the imposition of global sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran. These worldwide restrictions on foreign trade have prevented Iran from joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). While many business executives, particularly those in banking who endured the pressure of sanctions in Iranian banks, have attributed economic woes to the sanctions, and have eagerly supported WTO membership, there has also been a voice of concern about the possible damage inflicted by WTO membership. Some believe the domestic economy requires a heavy dosage of protective measures from the government including subsidies and tariffs. Ironically, all of these policies are against the principles of the WTO. Ultimately, the task of joining the World Trade Organization is viewed as a relevant and impactful strategy on the behavior of Iranian banks to curb corruption and public mistrust in the wake of recent scandals. Keywords: World Trade Organization, Iran banking strategies, Iran global sanctions, Iranian banking system, Iran central bank intervention
THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG CHRISTIAN HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Grace C. Chi Jerry L. Chi Andrews University ABSTRACT The purpose of this Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis is to examine how the Christian hospitals’ internal organizational ethical climates impact employees’ shareholder and stakeholder views of corporate social responsibility, which can then enhance their Organizational Commitments. The results showed that full-time employees of the Metroplex Adventist Hospital and Central Texas Medical Center perceived high level of Christian hospitals’ ethical climates in three dimensions: Benevolent, Principled, and Egoistic (mission driven), which are positively and highly conducive to the broader Stakeholder view of Corporate Social Responsibility and contradictory to the narrower self-centered Shareholder (CSR) view. The support of broader Stakeholder view and opposition of shareholder view resulted in a strong organizational ethical climate, which are significantly correlated with direct and indirect effects on the high level of organizational commitment among these two Christian hospitals. Some of the most significant demographic variables to affect the perceived ethical climate, social responsibility views and organizational commitment levels include years of service, income, race, gender and age. In terms of organizational commitment, the findings showed that there are no racial differences in making strong commitment toward the Christian hospitals. Keywords: Perceived ethics climate, corporate social responsibility, organizational commitment
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION
Nick Daher Florida Institute of Technology ABSTRACT This study traces the roots of organizational culture, provides some definitions and types of organizational culture, innovation and innovation models, organizational innovation, and suggests a conceptual framework to illustrate the relationship between the organizational culture and organizational innovation. Finally, the study adds theoretical and empirical propositions about organizational values and organizational innovation, enablers and outcomes, and draws a conclusion. Keywords: Organizational culture, innovation, organizational innovation
