GENDER EQUALITY IN PRIVATE COLLEGE ATHLETICS: IS TITLE IX HAVING AN IMPACT?

John W. Frazier
Anderson University
W. Royce Caines
Southern Wesleyan University
ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to evaluate whether differences exist in expenditures on male
and female athletics in a sample of institutions that report data to the U.S. Department of
Education. For this paper, the data set consists of those institutions that participate in NCAA
Division II without football. Data are analyzed for three different variables: student athletic
financial aid, total expenses, and basketball. The data set was chosen so as to not have to deal with
the issue of football due to the typically unusual efforts made to promote the sport as a revenue
generating entity within many institutions. Also there is no equivalent women’s sport. All the
statistical tests indicate no significant differences in spending on sports by gender by the colleges
who do not have football in NCAA Division II.